author(s)
AAY Amarasinghe and KPGDM Polwaththa

abstract
The challenges of climate change, urbanization, and resource scarcity require innovative solutions to agriculture, especially in space-limited urban settings. This review explores the integration of climate-smart horticulture, genome editing technologies, and controlled environment agriculture systems such as hydroponics and vertical farming, which are considered sustainable approaches to food production. Genome editing technologies like CRISPR-Cas9 will advance crop resilience, resource efficiency, and yields under controlled environments. Hydroponics and vertical farming deliver high efficiencies of water and space, while genome-edited crops enhance productivity. Main challenges include high costs, energy requirements, and public suspicion, which hold back food security and environmental protection. Encouragement and initial setups of such agriculture by giving financial help, educating the public, and promoting it through the use of renewable energy to displace fossil fuels, and collective action will be necessitated to fight these problems, directly enhancing urban agriculture to fulfill the world\'s food needs while minimizing environmental damages.