Cardamom, known as the \\\"Queen of Spices,\\\" holds significant economic and cultural value, especially in the Idukki district of Kerala, India. This study explores the historical evolution, current cultivation practices, and challenges of cardamom farming in Idukki\\\'s Zones A and C. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through field visits, interviews with farmers, estate owners, and laborers, structured surveys, and a review of historical and secondary sources. The research highlights that while Idukki\\\'s cardamom industry has a rich history dating back to the 11th century, modern challenges such as price volatility, labour shortages, soil degradation, and pest management continue to impact productivity and sustainability.

The study reveals that traditional practices, including the use of specific varieties like Nallani, and meticulous planting, pruning, and fertilization methods, are crucial for maintaining high yields. Despite these practices, many farmers face difficulties due to rising input costs, inadequate irrigation facilities, and labor shortages, with North Indian laborers comprising a significant portion of the workforce. The study identifies key factors influencing yield variability, such as the number of pesticide sprays, frequency of pruning, and soil management practices. Notably, farmers who invest in comprehensive pest management, soil health, and appropriate shading practices achieve yields of up to 800 kg per acre, compared to the average yield of 300-350 kg per acre observed among others.

This research underscores the need for integrated pest management, sustainable farming practices, and support for labor training to enhance productivity. Furthermore, it suggests that policy interventions should focus on stabilizing prices, reducing input costs, and improving access to credit and technical support for farmers. By addressing these challenges, the study aims to bolster the sustainability and profitability of the cardamom industry in Idukki, thus enhancing the livelihoods of local farmers and contributing to the global spice market.