author(s)
Monika Choudhary, Deepika Sharma, RK Bansal, Aishwarya Sharma and KK Nagar

abstract
The experiment investigates the effect of different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) and varietal differences on the growth, yield, and economic returns of palak (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis). Growth parameters evaluated included plant height, number of leaves, leaf width, length, leaf area, and leaf area index. Yield parameters such as fresh and dry leaf yield, along with economic indicators like gross and net returns and benefit-cost ratio, were also studied. Results showed that 200 ppm GA3 significantly enhanced growth traits, with plant height reaching 24.22 cm and leaf area 85.06 cm², outperforming other concentrations. Yield was highest at 200 ppm with 18.15 t/ha fresh leaf yield and 2.18 t/ha dry leaf yield. Although 300 ppm also improved parameters compared to control, its effect was less than 200 ppm, indicating possible negative effects at higher concentrations. Among varieties, Pusa Bharti had superior growth, yield, and economic outcomes compared to All Green and Jobner Green. The findings demonstrate that 200 ppm GA3 optimizes palak growth and productivity, while varietal selection further influences results. Economic analysis confirms that this treatment is cost-effective, offering the best return on investment. This study highlights the importance of appropriate GA3 dosing and selecting responsive varieties to maximize palak production.