author(s)
Rahmonov Ahliddin Xabibullayevich

abstract
Spider mites are significant crop pests in various crops, often becoming a management concern when pesticides are used to eradicate other pests. They disrupt biological control due to non-target effects on natural enemies, particularly phytoseiid mites. Some studies suggest that pesticides can stimulate reproduction in spider mites at levels below fatal dosages, leading to increased population growth and fecundity. Spider mites are more prone to becoming resistant to pesticides due to their haplodiploid reproduction, which has reduced food resource constraints and high polyphagy. Tetranychus urticae Koch, a two-spotted spider mite, is a significant pest of over 150 fruit, ornamental, vegetable, and agricultural crops worldwide. It causes reduced plant growth, yield, leaf bronzing, necrosis, deformation, and plant mortality. This damage can also result in aesthetic damages, such as scars on clementine mandarin fruits and gold flecking on tomatoes, which impair the marketability and commercial worth of fruit. Apples are severely harmed by Tetranychus urticae Koch, and acaricides are frequently used to manage them. However, the presence of resistant populations limits the consequences. The shelf life of acaricides is getting shorter, and monitoring local population resistance is crucial for efficient management. A deeper understanding of resistance development is needed to limit the evolution of resistance and postpone the dissemination of resistant populations.